|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
J. Gen. Physiol.,
Volume 111, Number 2, February 1, 1998 271-294
From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
The conformational changes associated with activation gating in Shaker potassium channels are functionally characterized in patch-clamp recordings made from Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing Shaker channels with
fast inactivation removed. Estimates of the forward and backward rates for transitions are obtained by fitting exponentials to macroscopic ionic and gating current relaxations at voltage extremes, where we assume that transitions
are unidirectional. The assignment of different rates is facilitated by using voltage protocols that incorporate
prepulses to preload channels into different distributions of states, yielding test currents that reflect different subsets of transitions. These data yield direct estimates of the rate constants and partial charges associated with three
forward and three backward transitions, as well as estimates of the partial charges associated with other transitions. The partial charges correspond to an average charge movement of 0.5 e0 during each transition in the activation
process. This value implies that activation gating involves a large number of transitions to account for the total gating charge displacement of 13 e0. The characterization of the gating transitions here forms the basis for constraining a detailed gating model to be described in a subsequent paper of this series.
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. S. Santos, S. M. Grigoriev, and M. Montal Molecular Template for a Voltage Sensor in a Novel K+ Channel. III. Functional Reconstitution of a Sensorless Pore Module from a Prokaryotic Kv Channel J. Gen. Physiol., December 1, 2008; 132(6): 651 - 666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Nekouzadeh, J. R. Silva, and Y. Rudy Modeling Subunit Cooperativity in Opening of Tetrameric Ion Channels Biophys. J., October 1, 2008; 95(7): 3510 - 3520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Chakrapani, J. F Cordero-Morales, and E. Perozo A Quantitative Description of KcsA Gating II: Single-Channel Currents J. Gen. Physiol., October 29, 2007; 130(5): 479 - 496. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Bruening-Wright, F. Elinder, and H. P. Larsson Kinetic Relationship between the Voltage Sensor and the Activation Gate in spHCN Channels J. Gen. Physiol., July 1, 2007; 130(1): 71 - 81. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Dougherty and M. Covarrubias A Dipeptidyl Aminopeptidase-like Protein Remodels Gating Charge Dynamics in Kv4.2 Channels J. Gen. Physiol., December 1, 2006; 128(6): 745 - 753. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Qian, X. Niu, and K. L. Magleby Intra- and Intersubunit Cooperativity in Activation of BK Channels by Ca2+ J. Gen. Physiol., October 1, 2006; 128(4): 389 - 404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. T. Sack and R. W. Aldrich Binding of a Gating Modifier Toxin Induces Intersubunit Cooperativity Early in the Shaker K Channel's Activation Pathway J. Gen. Physiol., June 26, 2006; 128(1): 119 - 132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Laitko, P. F. Juranka, and C. E. Morris Membrane Stretch Slows the Concerted Step prior to Opening in a Kv Channel J. Gen. Physiol., May 30, 2006; 127(6): 687 - 701. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. C. H. Kwan, D. Fedida, and S. J. Kehl Single Channel Analysis Reveals Different Modes of Kv1.5 Gating Behavior Regulated by Changes of External pH Biophys. J., February 15, 2006; 90(4): 1212 - 1222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. J. Swartz Structure and Anticipatory Movements of the S6 Gate in K v Channels J. Gen. Physiol., October 31, 2005; 126(5): 413 - 417. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. D. Carattino, S. Sheng, and T. R. Kleyman Mutations in the Pore Region Modify Epithelial Sodium Channel Gating by Shear Stress J. Biol. Chem., February 11, 2005; 280(6): 4393 - 4401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Pathak, L. Kurtz, F. Tombola, and E. Isacoff The Cooperative Voltage Sensor Motion that Gates a Potassium Channel J. Gen. Physiol., December 28, 2004; 125(1): 57 - 69. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kitaguchi, M. Sukhareva, and K. J. Swartz Stabilizing the Closed S6 Gate in the Shaker K v Channel Through Modification of a Hydrophobic Seal J. Gen. Physiol., September 27, 2004; 124(4): 319 - 332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Wang, V. E. Bondarenko, Y. Qu, M. J. Morales, R. L. Rasmusson, and H. C. Strauss Activation properties of Kv4.3 channels: time, voltage and [K+]o dependence J. Physiol., June 15, 2004; 557(3): 705 - 717. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. T. Sack, R. W. Aldrich, and W. F. Gilly A Gastropod Toxin Selectively Slows Early Transitions in the Shaker K Channel's Activation Pathway J. Gen. Physiol., June 1, 2004; 123(6): 685 - 696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Laitko and C. E. Morris Membrane Tension Accelerates Rate-limiting Voltage-dependent Activation and Slow Inactivation Steps in a Shaker Channel J. Gen. Physiol., January 26, 2004; 123(2): 135 - 154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sukhareva, D. H. Hackos, and K. J. Swartz Constitutive Activation of the Shaker Kv Channel J. Gen. Physiol., October 27, 2003; 122(5): 541 - 556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Latorre, R. Olcese, C. Basso, C. Gonzalez, F. Munoz, D. Cosmelli, and O. Alvarez Molecular Coupling between Voltage Sensor and Pore Opening in the Arabidopsis Inward Rectifier K+ Channel KAT1 J. Gen. Physiol., September 29, 2003; 122(4): 459 - 469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. S. Rothman and P. B. Manis Kinetic Analyses of Three Distinct Potassium Conductances in Ventral Cochlear Nucleus Neurons J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2003; 89(6): 3083 - 3096. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Shahidullah and M. Covarrubias The Link between Ion Permeation and Inactivation Gating of Kv4 Potassium Channels Biophys. J., February 1, 2003; 84(2): 928 - 941. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Guerrero, M. S. Siegel, B. Roska, E. Loots, and E. Y. Isacoff Tuning FlaSh: Redesign of the Dynamics, Voltage Range, and Color of the Genetically Encoded Optical Sensor of Membrane Potential Biophys. J., December 1, 2002; 83(6): 3607 - 3618. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. H. Hackos, T.-H. Chang, and K. J. Swartz Scanning the Intracellular S6 Activation Gate in the Shaker K+ Channel J. Gen. Physiol., May 13, 2002; 119(6): 521 - 532. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Gonzalez, E. Rosenman, F. Bezanilla, O. Alvarez, and R. Latorre Periodic perturbations in Shaker K+ channel gating kinetics by deletions in the S3-S4 linker PNAS, August 1, 2001; (2001) 171306298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. C. Hesketh and D. Fedida Sequential gating in the human heart K+ channel Kv1.5 incorporates Q1 and Q2 charge components Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 1999; 277(5): H1956 - H1966. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Gonzalez, E. Rosenman, F. Bezanilla, O. Alvarez, and R. Latorre Inaugural Article: Periodic perturbations in Shaker K+ channel gating kinetics by deletions in the S3-S4 linker PNAS, August 14, 2001; 98(17): 9617 - 9623. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
