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The Journal of General Physiology, Vol 44, 997-1027, Copyright © 1961 by The Rockefeller University Press

ARTICLE

Graded and All-or-None Electrogenesis in Arthropod Muscle

II. The effects of alkali-earth and onium ions on lobster muscle fibers



R. Werman 1 and H. Grundfest 1

1 From the Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, and the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole

Conversion of graded responsiveness of lobster muscle fibers to all-or-none activity by alkali-earth and tetraethylammonium (TEA) ions appears to be due to a combination of effects. The membrane is hyperpolarized, its resistance is increased, and its sensitivity to external K+ is diminished, all effects which indicate diminished K+ conductance. While the spikes are prolonged, the conductance is higher throughout the response than it is in the resting membrane. Repetitive activity becomes prominent. These effects indicate maintained high conductance for an ion which causes depolarization. This is normally Na+, since its presence in low concentrations potentiates the effects of Ba++, but the alkali-earth ions and TEA can also carry inward charge. Ba++, Sr++, and TEA appear to be more effective than is Ca++ in its normal role, which is probably to depress K+ conductance and Na inactivation. Thus, conversion of graded to all-or-none responsiveness appears to occur because of the relative increase of depolarizing inward ion flux and decrease of repolarizing outward flux.

Submitted on July 25, 1960


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