The Journal of General Physiology
Cell MicroControls
  Home | Help | Feedback | Subscriptions | Archive | Search | Table of Contents
This Article
Right arrow PDF (Full Text)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new content in the JGP
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via CrossRef
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Bezanilla, F.
Right arrow Articles by Armstrong, C. M.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Bezanilla, F.
Right arrow Articles by Armstrong, C. M.
Right arrowPubmed/NCBI databases
*Compound via MeSH
*Substance via MeSH
Hazardous Substances DB
*LITHIUM COMPOUNDS
*LITHIUM, ELEMENTAL
*POTASSIUM
*SODIUM
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati  
What's this?
The Journal of General Physiology, Vol 60, 588-608, Copyright © 1972 by The Rockefeller University Press

ARTICLE

Negative Conductance Caused by Entry of Sodium and Cesium Ions into the Potassium Channels of Squid Axons

Francisco Bezanilla 1 and Clay M. Armstrong 1

1 From the University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642 and the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543

Internal Cs+, Na+, Li+, and, to a lesser degree, Rb+ interfere with outward current through the K pores in voltage clamped squid axons. Addition of 100 mM NaF to the perfusion medium cuts outward current for large depolarizations about in half, and causes negative conductance over a range of membrane voltages. For example, suddenly reducing membrane potential from +100 to +60 mv increases the magnitude of the outward current. Internal Cs+ and, to a small extent, Li+, also cause negative conductance. Na+ ions permeate at least 17 times less well through the K pores than K+, and Cs+ does not permeate measurably. The results strongly suggest that K pores have a wide and not very selective inner mouth, which accepts K+, Na+, Li+, Cs+, tetraethylammonium ion (TEA+), and other ions. The diameter of the mouth must be at least 8 A, which is the diameter of a TEA+ ion. K+ ions in the mouths probably have full hydration shells. The remainder of the pore is postulated to be 2.6–3.0 A in diameter, large enough for K+ and Rb+ but too small for Cs+ and TEA+. We postulate that Na+ ions do not enter the narrower part of the pore because they are too small to fit well in the coordination cages provided by the pore as replacements for the water molecules surrounding an ion.

Submitted on April 5, 1972


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
P. W. Fowler, K. Tai, and M. S. P. Sansom
The Selectivity of K+ Ion Channels: Testing the Hypotheses
Biophys. J., December 1, 2008; 95(11): 5062 - 5072.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
A. Jara-Oseguera, I. Llorente, T. Rosenbaum, and L. D. Islas
Properties of the Inner Pore Region of TRPV1 Channels Revealed by Block with Quaternary Ammoniums
J. Gen. Physiol., November 1, 2008; 132(5): 547 - 562.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
G. V. Miloshevsky and P. C. Jordan
Conformational Changes in the Selectivity Filter of the Open-State KcsA Channel: An Energy Minimization Study
Biophys. J., October 1, 2008; 95(7): 3239 - 3251.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
G. Panaghie, K. Purtell, K.-K. Tai, and G. W. Abbott
Voltage-Dependent C-Type Inactivation in a Constitutively Open K+ Channel
Biophys. J., September 15, 2008; 95(6): 2759 - 2778.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
G. M. Lipkind and H. A. Fozzard
Voltage-gated Na Channel Selectivity: The Role of the Conserved Domain III Lysine Residue
J. Gen. Physiol., June 1, 2008; 131(6): 523 - 529.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
I. Schroeder and U.-P. Hansen
Tl+-induced {micro}s Gating of Current Indicates Instability of the MaxiK Selectivity Filter as Caused by Ion/Pore Interaction
J. Gen. Physiol., March 31, 2008; 131(4): 365 - 378.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
M. Thomas, D. Jayatilaka, and B. Corry
The Predominant Role of Coordination Number in Potassium Channel Selectivity
Biophys. J., October 15, 2007; 93(8): 2635 - 2643.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
S. Varma and S. B. Rempe
Tuning Ion Coordination Architectures to Enable Selective Partitioning
Biophys. J., August 15, 2007; 93(4): 1093 - 1099.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
P. C. Jordan
Tuning a Potassium Channel The Caress of the Surroundings
Biophys. J., August 15, 2007; 93(4): 1091 - 1092.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
I. Schroeder and U.-P. Hansen
Saturation and Microsecond Gating of Current Indicate Depletion-induced Instability of the MaxiK Selectivity Filter
J. Gen. Physiol., July 1, 2007; 130(1): 83 - 97.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
A. J. Oseguera, L. D. Islas, R. Garcia-Villegas, and T. Rosenbaum
On the Mechanism of TBA Block of the TRPV1 Channel
Biophys. J., June 1, 2007; 92(11): 3901 - 3914.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
S. Yu. Noskov and B. Roux
Importance of Hydration and Dynamics on the Selectivity of the KcsA and NaK Channels
J. Gen. Physiol., January 29, 2007; 129(2): 135 - 143.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. L. Renart, F. N. Barrera, M. L. Molina, J. A. Encinar, J. A. Poveda, A. M. Fernandez, J. Gomez, and J. M. Gonzalez-Ros
Effects of Conducting and Blocking Ions on the Structure and Stability of the Potassium Channel KcsA
J. Biol. Chem., October 6, 2006; 281(40): 29905 - 29915.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
M. Grabe, D. Bichet, X. Qian, Y. N. Jan, and L. Y. Jan
K+ channel selectivity depends on kinetic as well as thermodynamic factors
PNAS, September 26, 2006; 103(39): 14361 - 14366.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
M. Srinivas, D. P. Calderon, J. Kronengold, and V. K. Verselis
Regulation of Connexin Hemichannels by Monovalent Cations
J. Gen. Physiol., December 27, 2005; 127(1): 67 - 75.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
M. N. Krishnan, J.-P. Bingham, S. H. Lee, P. Trombley, and E. Moczydlowski
Functional Role and Affinity of Inorganic Cations in Stabilizing the Tetrameric Structure of the KcsA K+ Channel
J. Gen. Physiol., August 29, 2005; 126(3): 271 - 283.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
H. E. Farris, C. L. LeBlanc, J. Goswami, and A. J. Ricci
Probing the pore of the auditory hair cell mechanotransducer channel in turtle
J. Physiol., August 1, 2004; 558(3): 769 - 792.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
L. I. Escobar, J. C. Martinez-Tellez, M. Salas, S. A. Castilla, R. Carrisoza, D. Tapia, M. Vazquez, J. Bargas, and J. J. Bolivar
A voltage-gated K+ current in renal inner medullary collecting duct cells
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, April 1, 2004; 286(4): C965 - C974.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
T. I. Brelidze and K. L. Magleby
Protons Block BK Channels by Competitive Inhibition with K+ and Contribute to the Limits of Unitary Currents at High Voltages
J. Gen. Physiol., February 23, 2004; 123(3): 305 - 319.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Sci SignalHome page
C. M. Armstrong
Voltage-Gated K Channels
Sci. Signal., June 24, 2003; 2003(188): re10 - re10.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
S. Garofoli and P. C. Jordan
Modeling Permeation Energetics in the KcsA Potassium Channel
Biophys. J., May 1, 2003; 84(5): 2814 - 2830.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
T. E. Decoursey
Voltage-Gated Proton Channels and Other Proton Transfer Pathways
Physiol Rev, April 1, 2003; 83(2): 475 - 579.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Cataldi, E. Perez-Reyes, and R. W. Tsien
Differences in Apparent Pore Sizes of Low and High Voltage-activated Ca2+ Channels
J. Biol. Chem., November 22, 2002; 277(48): 45969 - 45976.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
F. M. Mullins, S. Z. Stepanovic, R. R. Desai, A. L. George Jr., and J. R. Balser
Extracellular Sodium Interacts with the HERG Channel at an Outer Pore Site
J. Gen. Physiol., September 30, 2002; 120(4): 517 - 537.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
C. M. Nimigean and C. Miller
Na+ Block and Permeation in a K+ Channel of Known Structure
J. Gen. Physiol., August 26, 2002; 120(3): 323 - 335.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
P. Van Damme, L. Van den Bosch, E. Van Houtte, J. Eggermont, G. Callewaert, and W. Robberecht
Na+ Entry Through AMPA Receptors Results in Voltage-Gated K+ Channel Blockade in Cultured Rat Spinal Cord Motoneurons
J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2002; 88(2): 965 - 972.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
C. Fahlke
Ion permeation and selectivity in ClC-type chloride channels
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, May 1, 2001; 280(5): F748 - F757.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
D. C. DAWSON, S. S. SMITH, and M. K. MANSOURA
CFTR: Mechanism of Anion Conduction
Physiol Rev, January 1, 1999; 79(1): 47 - 75.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCBHome page
L. A. Pardo, A. Bruggemann, J. Camacho, and W. Stuhmer
Cell Cycle-related Changes in the Conducting Properties of r-eag K+ Channels
J. Cell Biol., November 2, 1998; 143(3): 767 - 775.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
M. Kawai, M. Hussain, and C. H. Orchard
Cs+ inhibits spontaneous Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum of skinned cardiac myocytes
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 1998; 275(2): H422 - H430.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ScienceHome page
D. A. Doyle, J. M. Cabral, R. A. Pfuetzner, A. Kuo, J. M. Gulbis, S. L. Cohen, B. T. Chait, and R. MacKinnon
The Structure of the Potassium Channel: Molecular Basis of K+ Conduction and Selectivity
Science, April 3, 1998; 280(5360): 69 - 77.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 ScienceHome page
S. Korn and Ikeda SR
Permeation selectivity by competition in a delayed rectifier potassium channel
Science, July 21, 1995; 269(5222): 410 - 412.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Circ. Res.Home page
C. H. Gelband and J. R. Hume
[Ca2+]i Inhibition of K+ Channels in Canine Renal Artery : Novel Mechanism for Agonist-Induced Membrane Depolarization
Circ. Res., July 1, 1995; 77(1): 121 - 130.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 ScienceHome page
P Brehm and R Eckert
Calcium entry leads to inactivation of calcium channel in Paramecium
Science, December 15, 1978; 202(4373): 1203 - 1206.
[Abstract] [PDF]


  Home | Help | Feedback | Subscriptions | Archive | Search | Table of Contents